Minomal R Tablet
Aminophylline
350mg
Pacific Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
| Pack size | 50's pack |
|---|---|
| Dispensing mode | |
| Source | |
| Agent | |
| Retail Price | 2.20 AED |
Available as:
Indications
Minomal R Tablet is used for:
Asthma, Acute bronchospasm, Chronic bronchitis, Emphysema, COPD
Adult Dose
Oral
Chronic bronchospasm
Adult: As hydrate: Initially, 225-450 mg bid, increased if necessary.
Reversible airway obstruction
BY MOUTH USING MODIFIED-RELEASE MEDICINES
Adult (body weight 40 kg and above): Initially 225 mg twice daily for 1 week, then increased if necessary to 450 mg twice daily, adjusted according to plasma theophylline concentration
Intravenous
Severe acute asthma in patients not previously treated with theophylline
Adult: 250–500 mg (max. per dose 5 mg/kg), to be followed by intravenous infusion
Acute severe bronchospasm/asthma
Adult: 500–700 micrograms/kg/hour, adjusted according to plasma-theophylline concentration
Severe acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients not previously treated with theophylline
Adult: 250–500 mg (max. per dose 5 mg/kg), to be followed by intravenous infusion
Severe acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Adult: 500–700 micrograms/kg/hour, adjusted according to plasma-theophylline concentration
Child Dose
Oral
Chronic bronchospasm
Child: >3 yr: As modified-release hydrate: 12 mg/kg daily increased to 24 mg/kg daily in 2 divided doses after 1 wk.
Chronic asthma
BY MOUTH USING MODIFIED-RELEASE MEDICINES
Child (body weight 40 kg and above): Initially 225 mg twice daily for 1 week, then increased if necessary to 450 mg twice daily, adjusted according to plasma theophylline concentration
Intravenous
Severe acute asthma in patients not previously treated with theophylline
Child: 5 mg/kg (max. per dose 500 mg), to be followed by intravenous infusion
Acute severe bronchospasm/asthma
Child 1 month–11 years: 1 mg/kg/hour, adjusted according to plasma-theophylline concentration
Child 12–17 years: 500–700 micrograms/kg/hour, adjusted according to plasma-theophylline concentration
Renal Dose
Administration
Should be taken on an empty stomach. Take on an empty stomach at least 1 hr before or 2 hr after meals.
For intravenous injection, give very slowly over at least 20 minutes (with close monitoring).
With intravenous use in children For intravenous infusion, expert sources advise dilute to a concentration of 1 mg/mL with Glucose 5% or Sodium Chloride 0.9%.
With intravenous use in adults For intravenous infusion, give continuously in Glucose 5% or Sodium Chloride 0.9%.
Contra Indications
Hypersensitivity.
Precautions
Arrhythmias following rapid intravenous injection. cardiac arrhythmias or other cardiac disease. elderly (increased plasma-theophylline concentration). epilepsy. fever. hypertension. peptic ulcer. risk of hypokalaemia. thyroid disorder.
Monitoring Parameters
Aminophylline is monitored therapeutically in terms of plasma-theophylline concentrations.
Measurement of plasma-theophylline concentration may be helpful and is essential if a loading dose of intravenous aminophylline is to be given to patients who are already taking theophylline, because serious side-effects such as convulsions and arrhythmias can occasionally precede other symptoms of toxicity.
In most individuals, a plasma-theophylline concentration of 10–20 mg/litre (55–110 micromol/litre) is required for satisfactory bronchodilation, although a lower plasma theophylline concentration of 5–15 mg/litre may be effective. Adverse effects can occur within the range 10–20 mg/litre and both the frequency and severity increase at concentrations above 20 mg/litre.
If aminophylline is given intravenously, a blood sample should be taken 4–6 hours after starting treatment.
With oral use Plasma-theophylline concentration is measured 5 days after starting oral treatment and at least 3 days after any dose adjustment. A blood sample should usually be taken 4–6 hours after an oral dose of a modified-release preparation.
Pregnancy-Lactation
Interactions
Other xanthines. Clearance reduced by allopurinol, some antiarrhythmics, cimetidine, disulfiram, fluvoxamine, interferon-alpha, macrolide antibiotics, quinolones, oral contraceptives, thiabendazole and viloxazine. Clearance increased by phenytoin, anticonvulsants, ritonavir, rifampicin, sulfinpyrazone, cigarette smoking. Corticosteroids, diuretics, beta2-agonists.
Potentially Fatal: Increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias with sympathomimetics and halothane. Tachycardia with pancuronium. beta-blockers inhibit metabolism. Increased risk of convulsion with quinolones, ketamine.
Adverse Effects
Side effects of Aminophylline :
GENERAL SIDE-EFFECTS
Headache. nausea. palpitations. seizure (more common when given too rapidly by intravenous injection)
SPECIFIC SIDE-EFFECTS
With intravenous use Abdominal pain. anxiety. arrhythmia (more common when given too rapidly by intravenous injection). confusion. delirium. diarrhoea. dizziness. electrolyte imbalance. gastrointestinal hemorrhage. gastroesophageal reflux disease. hyperthermia. hyperventilation. hypotension (more common when given too rapidly by intravenous injection). insomnia. mania. metabolic disorder. pain. skin reactions. tachycardia (more common when given too rapidly by intravenous injection). thirst . tremor. vertigo. visual impairment.
vomiting
With oral use Arrhythmias. central nervous system stimulation. epigastric discomfort
SIDE-EFFECTS, FURTHER INFORMATION
Potentially serious hypokalaemia may result from beta2-agonist therapy.
Particular caution is required in severe asthma, because this effect may be potentiated by concomitant treatment with theophylline and its derivatives, corticosteroids, and diuretics, and by hypoxia. Plasma-potassium concentration should therefore be monitored in severe asthma.
Potentially Fatal: Convulsions, cardiac arrhythmias, hypotension and sudden death after too rapid IV injection.
Mechanism of Action
Aminophylline is a combination of theophylline and ethylenediamine. Ethylenediamine is inactive; it increases the solubility of theophylline in water. Theophylline relaxes bronchial smooth muscle. Suggested mechanisms are an increase in intracellular cAMP through inhibition of phosphodiesterase; adenosine receptor antagonism, prostaglandin antagonism and effects on intracellular calcium.
Note
Minomal R 350mg Tablet manufactured by Pacific Pharmaceuticals Ltd.. Its generic name is Aminophylline. Minomal R is availble in Bangladesh.
Farmaco BD drug index information on Minomal R Tablet is not intended for diagnosis, medical advice or treatment; neither intended to be a substitute for the exercise of professional judgment.