Chloramphenicol Capsule

Chloramphenicol Capsule is used for: Tetracycline-resistant cholera, typhoid, brain abscesses, meningitis, Granuloma inguinale, Anthrax, Listeriosis, Gas gangrene, Whipple's disease, gastroenteritis, melioidosis, Plague, Psittacosis, Q fever, Tularaemia

Adult: PO Susceptible infections 50 mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses [approximately one 250 mg capsule per each 4.5 kg (10 lbs) of body weight or one 500 mg capsule per each 9 kg (20 lbs) of body weight], may increase to 100 mg/kg/day in more severe infections.

PO Susceptible infections Child: Premature and full-term neonates: 25 mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses. Full-term infants >2 wk: 50 mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses. Children: 50-75 mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses increased to 75-100 mg/kg/day for meningitis or severe infections.

Renal impairment: Dose reduction may be required.

Should be taken on an empty stomach. Take on an empty stomach 1 hr before or 2 hr after meals.

History of hypersensitivity or toxic reaction to the drug; pregnancy, lactation; porphyria; parenteral admin for minor infections or as prophylaxis; preexisting bone marrow depression or blood dyscrasias.

Serious and fatal blood dyscrasias, including aplastic anemia, hypoplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and granulocytopenia, have occurred after short-term and prolonged therapy Avoid, if possible, repeated courses of chloramphenicol treatment Do not continue treatment longer than required to cure the disease with little or no risk of relapse of the disease Impaired liver or kidney function may cause excessive blood levels of the drug at recommended dose; adjust dosage accordingly; preferably determine blood concentration at appropriate intervals The use of antibiotics may result in overgrowth of nonsusceptible organisms, including fungi; take appropriate measures if nonsusceptible organisms appear during therapy Gray syndrome reported in premature and neonate; characterized by abdominal distension with or without emesis, progressive pallid cyanosis, vasomotor collapse that is frequently accompanied by irregular respiration, death within a few hours of onset of these symptoms; may be associated with serum levels >50 mcg/mL after repeated doses Blood dyscrasias Serious and fatal blood dyscrasias (aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and granulocytopenia known to occur after administration of chloramphenicol Irreversible type of marrow depression leading to aplastic anemia with a high rate of mortality is characterized by appearance weeks or months after therapy of bone marrow aplastic or hypoplasia Peripherally, pancytopenia is most often observed but in small number of cases only one or two of the three major cell types (erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets) may be depressed A reversible type of bone marrow depression, which is dose-related, may occur; this type of marrow depression is characterized by vacuolization of erythroid cells, reduction of reticulocytes and leukopenia, and responds promptly to withdrawal of therapy Exact determination of risk of serious and fatal blood dyscrasias not possible because of lack of accurate information regarding size of population at risk, total number of drug-associated dyscrasias, and total number of non-drug associated dyscrasias MONITORING PARAMETERS Monitor plasma concentrations to avoid toxicity. Plasma concentration monitoring preferred in the elderly. Recommended peak plasma concentration (approx. 2 hours after administration by mouth, intravenous injection or infusion) 10–25 mg/litre; pre-dose (‘trough’) concentration should not exceed 15 mg/litre. Blood counts required before and periodically during treatment. Monitor CBC frequently in all patients.

Pregnancy Category: C Lactation: enters breast milk; discontinue drug or do not nurse

Decreased effects of iron and vitamin B12 in anemic patients. Phenobarbitone and rifampin reduce the efficacy of chloramphenicol. Impairs the action of oral contraceptives. Chloramphenicol has been shown to retard the biotransformation of tolbutamide, phenytoin, and dicoumarol in man Chloramphenicol should be used with caution if administered concomitantly with lincomycin, clindamycin, or erythromycin. In vitro experiments have demonstrated that binding sites for erythromycin, lincomycin, clindamycin and chloramphenicol overlap and competitive inhibition may occur. Potentially Fatal: Increases the effect of oral anticoagulants, oral hypoglycaemic agents, phenytoin. Avoid concomitant administration with drugs that depress bone marrow function. Contraindicated (19) alfuzosin aprepitant avanafil bromocriptine conivaptan eletriptan eplerenone finerenone fosaprepitant isavuconazonium sulfate lonafarnib lurasidone mavacamten naloxegol pacritinib suzetrigine triazolam ubrogepant voclosporin

Side effects of Chloramphenicol : <1% Nightmares,Headache,Rash,Diarrhea,Stomatitis,Enterocolitis,Nausea,Vomiting,Bone marrow suppression,Aplastic anemia,Peripheral neuropathy,Optic neuritis,Gray syndrome Potentially Fatal: Bone marrow suppression and irreversible aplastic anaemia. Neutropenia, thrombocytopenia. Grey baby syndrome. Rarely, anaphylaxis.

Chloramphenicol inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to 50s subunit of the bacterial ribosome, thus preventing peptide bond formation by peptidyl transferase. It has both bacteriostatic and bactericidal action against H. influenzae, N. meningitidis and S. pneumoniae.

Chloramphenicol 250mg Capsule manufactured by Hudson Pharmaceuticals Ltd.. Its generic name is Chloramphenicol. Chloramphenicol is availble in Bangladesh. Farmaco BD drug index information on Chloramphenicol Capsule is not intended for diagnosis, medical advice or treatment; neither intended to be a substitute for the exercise of professional judgment.