Avitaz IV Infusion

Avitaz IV Infusion is used for: Intra-abdominal Infections, Urinary Tract Infections, Hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia

Intra-abdominal Infections Indicated in combination with metronidazole for complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs) caused by the following susceptible gram-negative microorganisms: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Citrobacter freundii complex, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2.5 g (2 g/0.5 g) IV every 8 hours infused over 2 hr for 5-14 days Urinary Tract Infections Indicated for complicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs) including pyelonephritis caused by the following susceptible microorganisms: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter koseri, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2.5 g (2 g/0.5 g) IV every 8 hours infused over 2 hr for 7-14 days Bacteria Pneumonia Indicated for hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (HABP/VABP) caused by the following susceptible gram negative microorganisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Haemophilus influenzae in patients >18 years 2.5 g (2 g/0.5 g) IV every 8 hours infused over 2 hr for 7-14 days

Intra-abdominal Infections Indicated in combination with metronidazole for complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs) in adult and pediatric patients caused by the following susceptible gram-negative microorganisms: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Citrobacter freundii complex, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3 to <6 months: 50 mg/kg (ceftazidime 40 mg/kg and avibactam 10 mg/kg) IV q8hr 6 months to <2 years: 62.5 mg/kg (ceftazidime 50 mg/kg and avibactam 12.5 mg/kg) IV q8hr 2 to <18 years: 62.5 mg/kg (ceftazidime 50 mg/kg and avibactam 12.5 mg/kg) IV q8hr; not to exceed 2.5 grams/dose (ceftazidime 2 grams and avibactam 0.5 grams) Duration: 5-14 days Urinary Tract Infections Indicated for complicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs) including pyelonephritis in adult and pediatric patients caused by the following susceptible microorganisms: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3 to <6 months: 50 mg/kg (ceftazidime 40 mg/kg and avibactam 10 mg/kg) IV every 8 hours 6 months to <2 years: 62.5 mg/kg (ceftazidime 50 mg/kg and avibactam 12.5 mg/kg) IV every 8 hours 2 to <18 years: 62.5 mg/kg (ceftazidime 50 mg/kg and avibactam 12.5 mg/kg) IV every 8 hours; not to exceed 2.5 grams/dose (ceftazidime 2 grams and avibactam 0.5 grams) Duration: 7-14 days Bacterial Pneumonia Indicated for treatment of hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (HABP/VABP) in adult and pediatric patients caused by the following susceptible Gram-negative microorganisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Haemophilus influenzae 3 to <6 months: 50 mg/kg (ceftazidime 40 mg/kg and avibactam 10 mg/kg) IV every 8 hours 6 months to <2 years: 62.5 mg/kg (ceftazidime 50 mg/kg and avibactam 12.5 mg/kg) IV every 8 hours 2 to <18 years: 62.5 mg/kg (ceftazidime 50 mg/kg and avibactam 12.5 mg/kg) IV every 8 hours; not to exceed 2.5 grams/dose (ceftazidime 2 grams and avibactam 0.5 grams) Duration: 7-14 days

Renal impairment Adult CrCl >50 mL/min: No dose adjustment required CrCl 31-50 mL/min: 1.25 g (1 g/0.25 g) IV q8hr CrCl 16-30 mL/min: 0.94 g (0.75 g/0.19 g) IV q12hr CrCl 6-15 mL/min: 0.94 g (0.75 g/0.19 g) IV q24hr CrCl <5 mL/min: 0.94 g (0.75 g/0.19 g) IV q48hr Patients on hemodialysis: Administer after hemodialysis on hemodialysis days Child Renal impairment Age >2 years with eGFR ?50 mL/min/1.73 m² eGFR 31-50 mL/min/1.73 m²: 31.25 mg/kg (ceftazidime 25 mg/kg and avibactam 6.25 mg/kg) IV q8hr; not to exceed 1.25 grams/dose (ceftazidime 1 gram and avibactam 0.25 grams) eGFR 16-30 mL/min/1.73 m²: 23.75 mg/kg (ceftazidime 19 mg/kg and avibactam 4.75 mg/kg) IV q12hr; not to exceed 0.94 grams/dose (ceftazidime 0.75 gram and avibactam 0.19 grams) eGFR 6-15 mL/min/1.73 m²: 23.75 mg/kg (ceftazidime 19 mg/kg and avibactam 4.75 mg/kg) IV q24hr; not to exceed 0.94 grams/dose (ceftazidime 0.75 gram and avibactam 0.19 grams) eGFR <5 mL/min/1.73 m²: 23.75 mg/kg (ceftazidime 19 mg/kg and avibactam 4.75 mg/kg) IV q48hr; not to exceed 0.94 grams/dose (ceftazidime 0.75 gram and avibactam 0.19 grams) Hemodialysis: Administer after hemodialysis on hemodialysis days

IV Preparation Reconstitute powder with 10 mL of one of the following solutions Sterile water for injection 0.9% NaCl D5W All combinations of dextrose and sodium chloride injection containing up to 2.5% dextrose and 0.45% NaCl Lactated Ringer injection Upon constitution, solution may be held for no longer than 30 minutes before transferring and further diluting in a suitable infusion bag Additional dilution required Mix vial gently with 10 mL of a solution listed above Reconstituted solution results in ~0.167 g/mL of ceftazidime and ~0.042 g/mL avibactam Further dilute with the same diluent used for reconstitution (except sterile water for injection), to achieve a total volume of 50-250 mL before infusion Volume to withdraw from constituted vial for further dilution 2.5 g (2 g/0.5 g): 12 mL (entire contents) 1.25 g (1 g/0.25 g): 6 mL 0.94 g (0.75 g/0.19 g): 4.5 mL Mix gently and ensure contents are dissolved completely Visually inspect for particulate matter and discoloration (color ranges from clear to light yellow) Use diluted infusion bags within 12 hr when stored at room temperature or under refrigeration at 2-8°C (36- 46°F) up to 24 hr following dilution and used within 12 hr of subsequent storage at room temperature IV Administration Infuse IV over 2 hr

Known serious hypersensitivity to avibactam, ceftazidime, or other cephalosporins

Decreased efficacy in adult cIAI patients with baseline CrCl of 30 to less than or equal to 50 mL/ min: Monitor CrCl at least daily in adult and pediatric patients with changing renal function and adjust the dose of this IV infusion accordingly. Hypersensitivity reactions: Includes anaphylaxis and serious skin reactions. Cross-hypersensitivity may occur in patients with a history of penicillin allergy. If an allergic reaction occurs, discontinue this IV infusion. Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD): CDAD has been reported with nearly all systemic antibacterial agents, including this IV infusion. Evaluate if diarrhea occurs. Central Nervous System Reactions: Seizures and other neurologic events may occur, especially in patients with renal impairment. Adjust dose in patients with renal impairment.

Pregnancy There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of ceftazidime/avibactam, ceftazidime, or avibactam in pregnant women Neither ceftazidime nor avibactam were teratogenic in rats at doses 40 and 9 times the recommended human clinical dose; in the rabbit, at twice the exposure as seen at the human clinical dose, there were no effects on embryofetal development with avibactam Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used in pregnancy only if clearly needed Lactation Ceftazidime is excreted in human milk in low concentrations Unknown whether avibactam is excreted into human milk, although avibactam was shown to be excreted in the milk of rats No information is available on the effects of ceftazidime and avibactam on the breastfed child or on milk production

Avibactam is an OAT1/OAT3 substrate; probenecid, a potent OAT inhibitor, inhibits OAT uptake of avibactam by 56-70% and potentially decrease the elimination of avibactam when coadministered; therefore, coadministration of ceftazidime/avibactam with probenecid is not recommended Ceftazidime administration may result in a false-positive reaction for glucose in the urine with certain methods; glucose tests based on enzymatic glucose oxidase reactions be used Contraindicated (0) Serious (2) cholera vaccine microbiota oral

Side effects of Ceftazidime + Avibactam : 1-10% (in cIAI plus metronidazole) Diarrhea (8%) Nausea (7%) Vomiting (5%) Headache (3%) Dizziness (2%) Abdominal pain (1%) 1-10% (in cUTI) Diarrhea (3%) Nausea (3%) Constipation (2%) Upper abdominal pain (1%) 1-10% (in HABP/VABP) Nausea (3%) Pruritus (2%) Frequency Not Reported Blood and lymphatic disorders: Thrombocytopenia, thrombocytosis, leukopenia General disorders and administration site conditions: Injection site phlebitis Infections and infestations: Candidiasis Investigations:Increased aspartate aminotransferase, increased alanine aminotransferase, increased gamma-glutamyltransferase Metabolism and nutrition disorders: Hypokalemia Nervous system disorders: Dysgeusia Renal and urinary disorders: Acute kidney injury, renal impairment, nephrolithiasis Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: Rash, rash maculopapular, urticaria Psychiatric disorders: Anxiety

Ceftazidime: Third-generation cephalosporin with broad-spectrum gram-negative activity, including Pseudomonas; arrests bacterial growth by binding to 1 or more penicillin-binding proteins, and thereby inhibiting final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis in bacterial cell-wall synthesis and inhibiting cell-wall biosynthesis Avibactam: Diazabicyclooctanone, non-beta-lactam, beta-lactamase inhibitor; alone has no antibacterial activity at clinically relevant doses; when combined with ceftazidime, avibactam protects ceftazidime from degradation by beta-lactamase enzymes and effectively extends the antibiotic spectrum of ceftazidime to include many gram-negative bacteria normally not susceptible to ceftazidime

Avitaz (2gm + 0.5gm)/vial IV Infusion manufactured by Square Pharmaceuticals PLC.. Its generic name is Ceftazidime + Avibactam. Avitaz is availble in Bangladesh. Farmaco BD drug index information on Avitaz IV Infusion is not intended for diagnosis, medical advice or treatment; neither intended to be a substitute for the exercise of professional judgment.